Flame Spread

LIFT, IMO Spread of Flame Apparatus

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What It's For

This instrument uses a gas-fired radiant heat panel with pilot flame ignition to ignite a test specimen.

Following ignition, any flame front which develops is noted and a record is made of the progression of the flame front horizontally along the length of the specimen in terms of the time it takes to travel to various distances.

The results are expressed in terms of the flame spread distance/time history, the flame front velocity versus heat flux, the critical heat flux at extinguishment and the average heat for sustained burning.

ISO 5658-2
IMO FTP Code Part 5
ASTM E1317
ASTM E1321

Radiant Panel Flame Spread Apparatus

What It's For

The Radiant Panel Flame Spread Apparatus measures the surface flammability of building products (ASTM E162) and cellular plastics (ASTM D3675) by using a gas-fired radiant heat panel. The test result is an index that is determined from the flame spread and heat evolution factors. This index is required in various specifications especially for the mass transit industry (buses and trains).

Porous cement and cast iron gas operated radiant panel (12″ × 18″) with electric spark igniter and automatic safety flame out detector
Stainless steel specimen holder, with observation marks every 3″, for assessing the progress of the flame front
Stainless steel specimen support
Stainless steel pilot burner assembly
Pyrometer to determine the surface temperature of the radiant panel. Mounting bracket included
Air flow meter and gas control valve to control the mixture to the radiant panel
Stainless steel exhaust stack with a removable panel to enable easy cleaning of thermocouples
The stack is provided with 8 thermocouples as required by the standards
Calibration burner with methane gas flow meter
Safety gas controls and cut off circuitry

ASTM E162
ASTM D3675

Flooring Radiant Panel Test Apparatus

What It's For

This test method is used to measure the critical radiant flux of horizontally-mounted floor covering systems exposed to a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat environment, within a test chamber. It can also be used to measure this same critical radiant flux for exposed attic floor cellulose insulation.

The European Union is using this test method for fire classification of flooring products, throughout European Member States.

The radiant heat is applied by means of a gas-fuelled panel, inclined at 30°, and directed at a horizontally mounted floor covering system specimen. The radiant panel generates a radiant energy flux distribution ranging from a nominal maximum of 10.9 kW/m² to a minimum of 1.1 kW/m².

Angled Control Rack for convenience in use, allowing observation of the apparatus and controls during equipment set-up and calibration
Automatic ignition of the radiant panel and safety cut-out
Hinged access to test area, via 2 position door with observation window and sliding platform
Stainless steel hood with smoke measurement ports
Data acquisition and analysis software.

EN ISO 9239-1
ASTM E648

Flame Propagation Test for a Single Insulated Cable

What It's For

The IEC/ EN 60332-1 uses a test flame of specified height and colour, obtained with gas supplied at a suggested back pressure and flow rate. As mass flow controllers are used with this FTT apparatus, no specific back pressure is required. A thermal sensor is positioned over the flame, and the time for the temperature of the sensor to increase from 100°C to 700°C is determined. The time is used to confirm the heat-evolution profile of the test flame of 1kW.

Horizontal specimen supports
A burner in compliance with EN 60695-11-2, with simple angle adjustment from 90° to 45° and a gas safety system which only allows gas to flow when a flame is detected
Open front metallic chamber 1200 mm high, 300 mm wide and 450 mm deep
Mass flow controllers for accurate and stable flow control to the burner
Electronic spark ignition
Calibration thermocouple in compliance with EN 60695-11-2
Optional draught free chamber

IEC/ EN 60332-1

EN 50399

The EN 50399 was based on IEC 60332-3 with the addition of heat release measurement and a modified air inlet system. This is accomplished by fitting a small instrumented section of ducting into the exhaust system of the rig and using this with associated FTT gas analysis instrumentation and software. The duct section houses all gas sampling probes, temperature and mass flow probes and has ports for the smoke measuring system.

IEC 60332-3

Conversion of the existing IEC 60332-3 apparatus to measure heat release is accomplished by fitting a small instrumented section of ducting into the exhaust system of the rig and using this with the associated FTT gas analysis instrumentation and software and a modified test protocol. The duct section houses all gas sampling probes, temperature and mass flow probes needed, and the smoke measuring system.

Oxygen Analyser (paramagnetic) supplied with temperature and pressure compensation for primary heat release measurement
Carbon Dioxide Analyser (infrared) for use in heat release measurement
Dual-stage soot filter, refrigerant cold trap, drying column, pump and waste regulators for conditioning the sample gases prior to analysis
Controls for the smoke measurement system (if purchased)
Data logger (if purchased)

Thermal/Acoustic Insulation Flame Propagation Apparatus

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What's For

This test method is used to evaluate the flammability and flame propagation characteristics of thermal/acoustic insulation when exposed to both a radiant heat source and flame in a test chamber. The radiant heat is applied by means of an inclined electric panel and directed at a horizontally mounted specimen. The electric panel and pilot burner are located in a test chamber. The sides, ends and top of the chamber are insulated with a fibrous ceramic insulation. The front side has a high temperature, draft free observation window.

Below the window is a sliding platform to enable the user to easily insert either the calorimeter holding frame or specimen holding system (retaining and securing frames). The chamber temperature is monitored with a thermocouple and displayed on a programmable LCD meter. The test duration is measured with a programmable electronic LCD timer.

FAA Aircraft Materials Fire Test Handbook Chapter 23
FAR Part 25 Appendix F Part VI; Airbus AITM 2.0053; Boeing BSS 7365

Roofing Test with Burning Brands

ENV 1187 Test 1

The Test 1 equipment consists of:

A basket – Made from 3mm diameter mild steel wire forming a mesh of approximately 50 × 50mm. This is an open basket at the top and bottom and has four projecting feet 10mm long, one at each corner. The outer dimensions of the basket are 300 × 300 × 200mm deep. The mass of the basket is 650 ±50 grams
Wood wool – Consists of fibres approximately 2mm wide × 0.2mm to 0.3mm thick and is manufactured from softwood
Balance – Used to weigh the wood wool and it has a nominal capacity of at least 2 kilos and an accuracy of ±1 gram
Timer – Minimum accuracy of ±5 seconds over 24 hours.

ENV 1187 Test 2

This Test 2 equipment consists of:

Air channels equipped with fans and a lid – This air channel is made of 1.0mm thick steel plates. The wall channel section placed between the lower and the upper air channels is made of steel plates and non-combustible fibre reinforced calcium silicate boards with a thickness of 11 ±2 mm and a density of 680 ±50 kg/m³
Crib ignition stand – The crib ignition stand is protected from air currents and consists of a support of the wood crib and a line burner with five vertically oriented burner tubes. The line burner is mounted centrally on the support with the axes of the burner tubes and the lowest edge of the crib in the same plane
Wood crib – 8 pieces (in which 6 pieces are nailed to the remaining 2 pieces at a distance of 8 mm between each of them) of 10 × 10 × 100mm pine wood containing no knots make the source of fire
Constant temperature drying oven of 105 ±5°C
Desiccator
Balance
Timer
Air velocity measuring devices
Flow meter

ENV 1187 Test 3

The ENV 1187 Test 3 Roofing Test is an instrument used to determine the performance of roofs to external fire exposure. The test method incorporates burning brands, wind and supplementary radiant heat.

The Main Frame on the left includes Radiant Panel Assembly, 4 Flexible Gas Burner Hoses, Sparker Box, Guide Rails and Guide Rails Extensions. On the right is a Dual Diverter Stand and Control Box Assembly.

ENV 1187 Test 4

The ENV 1187 Test 4 Roofing Test is an instrument used to determine the performance of roofs to external fire exposure. The two stage test method incorporates burning brands, wind and supplementary radiant heat.

The Main Frame includes Radiant Panel Assembly, 4 Flexible Gas Burner Hoses, Sparker Box and Guide Rails (shown here with Sample Trolley Assembly)

FMVSS 302

What's For

Manufactured according to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 302. ISO 3795 is a technically equivalent standard used in Europe, Canada, and Japan; while ASTM D5132-04 is used in USA. The FMVSS 302 specifies the burn resistance requirements for materials used in the occupant compartments of motor vehicles (i.e. passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks and buses). This is to reduce the deaths and injuries to motor vehicle occupants caused by vehicle fires, especially those originating in the interior of a vehicle from sources such as matches or cigarettes.

Fully compliant to FMVSS 302 and ISO 3795 requirements depending on which sample holder is used.
Complete and ready to use system.
Low maintenance requirement.